Bear with me !!

Generally as a rule we all want the stock market to go up, it feels right , it means things are all well with the world at large.However any of you who have been investing for more than a few years will know that sadly markets do not always go up.So what to do when they start to go down or start behaving in a very volatile fashion like they have been doing lately, I guess there are three things you could do:

 

1 If you are a long term investor-hold off and wait for the inevitable good times to come back-I find this hard to do sitting through drawdowns watching your capital disappear drop by drop

2 Move to cash, certainly this makes it easier to sleep at night but unless your timing is immaculate it can mean that you miss out on a lot of money making opportunities

3 Use some form of investments that allow you to make money as stocks go down.

 

I have spoken before about my use of options, however options are not for everyone and in certain accounts(like my ISA in the UK) you cannot use options.Lately there has been a growth in a number of what are being labelled Contra ETF's-basically ETF's that go up when the market declines-they can be on indices such as the Dow, S&P 500 or the Russell or they can also be on certain commodities such as Oil.

I personally like to use Proshares ETF's go here for a list of the short ones that they offer   http://www.proshares.com/funds?products=98616&fundType=   .They offer a vast range but I tend to favour the more liquid ones such as DOG (Short Dow) or DXD (Ultra Short Dow-twice the index).I also use the PSQ and the QID which are the short and the ultra short on the QQQQ index. These are a great way of either hedging some of your longer term positions or trading to take advantage of some of the volatile swings that we have seen of late. I use them for both purposes.

The advantages of being  able to trade the market long and short as well as being able to hedge are immense and can make a real difference to your returns over the short and long term. I urge you to check out the opportunities that are available with using these types of fund.

 

Over the next few weeks I will share with you some of the ETF's that I will be purchasing and using to try to rid out the volatility in the market that we are currently experiencing.

 

All for now

 

Good Trading

 

Alan

LEAP in to Caterpillar(NYSE:CAT)

As I have said before I am increasingly looking at using longer term option plays to get myself in to stock. I have been looking at Caterpillar( NYSE: CAT) for a while as it has come off its highs steadily since May last year. It is currently not in favour as most people think it is a play on the state of the US housing Market.As I have outlined in this blog on previous occasions the big money is to be made going against what your psyche is telling you.

We tend to not want to buy something that is out of favour but want to pile in with the crowd-remember the halcyon days of Dot.com ?? The issue with Caterpillar is that it is not solely reliant on the US housing mkt in fact a large proportion of its revenue comes from the heavy mining and construction side of things.Therefore these two old chestnuts of Natural resources and China come to the fore again.

If you look through this blog, it is unmistakable that I am a commodities bull, as our needs for raw materials and commodities such as copper, coal, iron ore etc etc increase-China and rest of world demand, then the machinery necessary to excavate, transport and deliver these commodities is bound to be in increasing demand.Caterpillar is a major player in this market so increased demand for these commodities is likely to drive increased demand for their equipment.

This is not a story that has been really picked up by the general investing public hence the shares are languishing. I believe though that eventually this will sink in and people will start to pile in.

To further enhance the potential upside Caterpillar today announced a 5 year plan to buy back $7.5 Billion in stock, that is about 17% of the outstanding shares.On its own that would be enough to give them a boost.Coupled with a likely increased demand for the shares then I think Caterpillar is a good mid term play.

The shares were up today closing at $67.62, there are a couple of ways to place this, you could buy the stock outright, or as I favour you could look at a LEAP option, if you have read my previous post on Delta then you will know we want to go for an ITM (in the money option).I favour the Jan 2008 60 Call, it shot up a bit today closing around the $11-50 mark this means you would pay $1150 for the right to buy 100 shares of CAT for $60 any time up to Jan 2008.The break even is $71.50 at today's close, the delta is around 80 which means you will get approx 80c movement in the option for each $1 movement in the stock -but you are paying a lot less to control 100 shares worth of stock than you would buying them outright.

I am going to buy the LEAP and will pay up to $12 with a view to holding it for 6-9 mths unless we get a short sharp increase in the stock when I may consider selling it early.

Best Wishes

Alan

Tags: LEAP, options, Caterpillar, CAT, Delta, share buyback

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Options Trading-Mind Your Delta Part 1

I wanted to look a bit at Options trading-increasingly I am trading more and more options.They are extremely versatile and the more you use them and learn about them the more you will start to appreciate what they can do for your portfolio.

I like most options traders when they first started out made the classic mistake of focusing on price.I perceived that cheap meant they only cost 5 cents !!! and that an option costing $6 must be expensive. So like most people I watched as I bought a call or a put and .............YES fantastic the stock moved in the right direction AND my option-stayed the same or worse-went backwards.

I had made the classic mistake of buying "cheap" out of the money options.

Options can be one of three things :

1. Out of the Money (OTM)


2. At the Money (ATM)


3. In the Money (ITM)

For example Stock XYZ is trading at $25

If you want to buy an option then

• a $25 option is at the money(same price as the stock),


• a $20 option is in the Money(less than the price of the stock)


• a $30 option is out of the money(More than the price of the stock)

Options that are out of the money do not move in line with the movement of the underlying stock, options that are at the money will move at approximately half the pace of the stock(i.e. for every $1 movement of the stock up or down then the option will move approx 50 cents).

For options that are in the money then the more they are in the money the closer they will move dollar for dollar with the stock.

There are other factors that affect the price like time to expiry etc-but we will cover that in another post.

Therefore the reason I was not getting any movement in my option even when the stock move din the direction I wanted it to was because I was buying "cheap" out of the money options-ahhhhh I eventually realised...there is a reason they are "Cheap"

In fact they were not cheap at all and in some instances they were a lot more expensive than options at 10 or 20 times the price.

In the next part of this article I will look in a bit more depth at why this is the case and what you can do and what you should look at to give yourself more of a chance .

Best Wishes

Alan

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Tags: Options, Delta, Calls, Puts, Options Trading

A short Guide to Hedging

As promised here is some background and insight around hedging-incidentally as I surmised the markets took a turn down yesterday and the QQQQ Puts I bought have already increased by just under 20% in one day.I cannot say if this is the beginning of a correction but I am glad I have some downside protection.Hedging is a little discussed but very important tool for investors.It may sound like an outdoor activity involving shears and ladders but it can be the difference between poor and great returns


What Is Hedging?
The best way to understand hedging is to think of it as insurance. When people decide to hedge, they are insuring themselves against a negative event. This doesn't prevent a negative event from happening, but if it does happen and you're properly hedged, the impact of the event is reduced. So, hedging occurs almost everywhere, and we see it everyday. For example, if you buy house insurance, you are hedging yourself against fires, break-ins or other unforeseen disasters.

Portfolio managers, individual investors and corporations use hedging techniques to reduce their exposure to various risks. In financial markets, however, hedging becomes more complicated than simply paying an insurance company a fee every year. Hedging against investment risk means strategically using instruments in the market to offset the risk of any adverse price movements. In other words, investors hedge one investment by making another.

Technically, to hedge you would invest in two securities with negative correlations. Of course, nothing in this world is free, so you still have to pay for this type of insurance in one form or another.

Although some of us may fantasize about a world where profit potentials are limitless but also risk free, hedging can't help us escape that hard reality of the risk-return tradeoff. A reduction in risk will always mean a reduction in potential profits. So, hedging, for the most part, is a technique not by which you will make money but by which you can reduce potential loss. If the investment you are hedging against makes money, you will have typically reduced the profit that you could have made, and if the investment loses money, your hedge, if successful, will reduce that loss.

How Do Investors Hedge?
For the most part, hedging techniques involve using complicated financial instruments known as derivatives, the two most common of which are options and futures. We're not going to get into the nitty-gritty of describing how these instruments work, but for now just keep in mind that with these instruments you can develop trading strategies where a loss in one investment is offset by a gain in a derivative.

How does this work in Practice
Say you have bought shares in Google(Goog) you believe that they are a good long term bet but you want to protect yourself from any potential downside in the short term.You would buy a number of PUT options in Google to protect you should they fall below a certain price-say $450.
Every put option is worth 100 shares so if you owned 200 shares you would need to buy 2 PUT options.If the share price fell below the $450 then your PUT options would increase in value to protect and minimise the losses.(This is a reasonably simplistic explanation as there are a no of other factors at play here but this is the general principle behind using Options to Hedge)
Keep in mind that because there are so many different types of options and futures contracts an investor can hedge against nearly anything, whether a stock, commodity price, interest rate, or currency.

The Downside
Every hedge has a cost, so before you decide to use hedging, you must ask yourself if the benefits received from it justify the expense. Remember, the goal of hedging isn't to make money but to protect from losses. The cost of the hedge - whether it is the cost of an option or lost profits from being on the wrong side of a futures contract - cannot be avoided. This is the price you have to pay to avoid uncertainty.

We've been comparing hedging versus insurance, but we should emphasize that insurance is far more precise than hedging. With insurance, you are completely compensated for your loss (usually minus a deductible). Hedging a portfolio isn't a perfect science and things can go wrong. Although risk managers are always aiming for the perfect hedge, it is difficult to achieve in practice.

What Hedging Means to You
The majority of investors will never trade a derivative contract in their life. In fact most buy-and-hold investors ignore short-term fluctuation altogether. For these investors there is little point in engaging in hedging because they let their investments grow with the overall market.

So why learn about hedging?

Even if you never hedge for your own portfolio you should understand how it works because many big companies and investment funds will hedge in some form. Oil companies, for example, might hedge against the price of oil while an international mutual fund might hedge against fluctuations in foreign exchange rates. An understanding of hedging will help you to comprehend and analyze these investments.

Conclusion
Because risk is an essential yet precarious element of investing, you should, regardless of what kind of investor you are, gain a fairly good awareness of how investors and companies work to protect themselves. Whether or not you decide to start practicing these intricate uses of derivatives, learning about how hedging works will help advance your understanding the market, which will always help you be a better investor.


Best Wishes

RT